奇特的苗族过年习俗(二)

家乡区县: 云南省马关县

三、打粑粑(Duad juad)
在大年二十八,苗族都会打粑粑,有糯米粑、高粱粑、小米粑粑等。粑粑的做法:一是先用热水把糯米洗净,等充分泡好;二是用甑子把蒸熟后放在碓里以最快的速度打细,打粘成糊状;三是妇女将打粘的糯米粑先用线切下第一坨(Lob houd juad)用于祭祀祖先,再用剩下的做成圆状的粑粑,代表一家人团团圆圆!
四、解身上(Sit lid)
解身上是过扎苗族在过年当天必须进行的传统活动,每家每户用一只大公鸡、一颗木棒,用反手绳将公鸡拴住,请祭师来进行解身上。把整个程序完成后,把公鸡拿到三岔路口去杀了,带回家来煮吃。预示着不干净的病魔等已被带走,全家老小平平安安过年,来年生活幸福美满。

五、祭祀祖先(Lais box yeuf/Uat box yeuf)
苗族是一个坚持祖先崇拜的民族,是最敬重祖先的。一般在过年在开饭前,都要祭祀祖先(苗文:Uat box yeuf)。首先都要先请祖回家,男主人都要在饭桌上摆上一碗酒,一碗肉饭,先献酒再献肉和饭,一般祭祀全宗族人上三辈祖先(苗文:Bib zid box yeuf)。然后抬起酒就开始念:“Yeuf/box XX(nbit mil),houk jeud zhab lek, houk mol baod huf zax baod huf cod baod huf dob baod huf ged,ndif maob ndif ndif shab ndif diaol lek heb hef!”在敬献完祖先之后,还要祭祀已故的亲戚和外鬼,但是酒要往屋外外倒。献肉饭和献酒的程序差不多,如是念到:Yues/box XX(nbit mil),naox nghaix zhab hnaot zhab lek,naox mol baod huf zax baod huf cod baod huf dob baod huf ged,ndif maob ndif ndif shab ndif diaol lek heb hef!

六、扫灰尘(Qeb ntangb)
过年的那天,一般都要进行“扫灰尘”(苗文:Qeb ntangb)活动,用三棵茅草尖和三棵树叶进行活动,并且边扫边念念有词,如下文:
Ox!
God qeb del nad ded.
God qeb let ab blis chik,ab blis chik drok beb ncit.
God qeb let ab blis chaix,ab blis chaix drok beb nchab.
God qeb let gouf aob zhangd maob, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd nzhangx, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd shab, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd draos.
God qeb let duas zhit bod hnob,god qeb let duas zhit bod hlit.
God qeb let duas dangl hnob, god qeb let duas dangl hmaot.
God qeb let duas shob, god qeb let duas chuak.
Qeb ndros nax ab loul xongt ab loul mol lof!

Ox!
God qeb del nad ded.
God qeb let ab blis chik,ab blis chik drok beb ncit.
God qeb let ab blis chaix,ab blis chaix drok beb nchab.
God qeb let gouf aob zhangd maob, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd nzhangx, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd shab, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd draos.
God qeb let duas zhit bod hnob,god qeb let duas zhit bod hlit.
God qeb let duas dangl hnob, god qeb let duas dangl hmaot.
God qeb let zhoux nbos laof, god qeb let zenx nbos ghoud.
Qeb ndros nax ab loul xongt ab loul mol lof!

Ox!
God qeb del nad ded.
God qeb let ab blis chik,ab blis chik drok beb ncit.
God qeb let ab blis chaix,ab blis chaix drok beb nchab.
God qeb let gouf aob zhangd maob, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd nzhangx, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd shab, God qeb nil gouf aob zhangd draos.
God qeb let duas zhit bod hnob,god qeb let duas zhit bod hlit.
God qeb let duas dangl hnob, god qeb let duas dangl hmaot.
God qeb let hlaik nghaix ndros ntrad nchangd, god qeb let chuab cob ndros ntrad draos.
Qeb ndros nax ab loul xongt ab loul mol lof!

全文意思就是要把过去的一年不好的东西、不干净的东西一并扫出去,有辞旧迎新之意,也是对来年生活平安幸福的美好期盼。

王野骁(2015-05-14) 评论(0


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